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1

WWF (2022) Hidden Waste: The Scale and Impact of Food Waste in Primary Production. Available at: https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-05/Hidden-Waste-%20Report-2022-WWF-UK.pdf.

2

WRAP (2023) UK Food Waste & Food Surplus – Key Facts. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/food-surplus-and-waste-uk-key-facts-updated-november-2023.

3

WWF (2022) Hidden Waste: The Scale and Impact of Food Waste in Primary Production. Available at: https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-05/Hidden-Waste-%20Report-2022-WWF-UK.pdf; WRAP (2023), UK Food Waste & Food Surplus – Key Facts. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/food-surplus-and-waste-uk-key-facts-updated-november-2023

4

Ritchie, H. (2020) Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/food-waste-emissions.

5

Boston Consulting Group (2023). Comparison of percentage of surplus food volumes redistributed between the USA, France and Spain. Available at: http://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boston-Consulting-Group-Surplus-Food-Volume-Comparison-Final-Slide.pdf

6

The Food Foundation (2024) Food Insecurity Tracking: Round 14. Available at: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/initiatives/food-insecurity-tracking#tabs/Round-14.

7

FareShare (2023) FareShare’s Impact 2022-2023: Strengthening communities through food. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FareShare-Impact-Report_Sep2023.pdf.

8

Estimated for 2023/24 based on Carbon Trust (2023) FareShare Footprint Methodology Report. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FareShare-Methodology-Report-2023-1.pdf.

9

WWF (2022) Hidden Waste: The Scale and Impact of Food Waste in Primary Production. Available at: https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-05/Hidden-Waste-%20Report-2022-WWF-UK.pdf; WRAP (2023), UK Food Waste & Food Surplus – Key Facts. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/food-surplus-and-waste-uk-key-facts-updated-november-2023 ; Meal equivalents are estimated using 420g as standard meal size, which is the method recommended by WRAP based on FSA data.

10

Bergero, C. et al. (2023) ‘Pathways to net-zero emissions from aviation’, Nature Sustainability, 6, pp. 404-414. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-01046-9. ; Zhu, J. et al. (2023) ‘Cradle-to-grave emissions from food loss and waste represent half of total greenhouse gas emissions from food systems’, Nature Food, 4, pp. 247-256. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-023-00710-3.

11

The Food Foundation (2024) Food Insecurity Tracking: Round 14. Available at: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/initiatives/food-insecurity-tracking#tabs/Round-14.

12

Boston Consulting Group (2023). Comparison of percentage of surplus food volumes redistributed between the USA, France and Spain. Available at: http://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boston-Consulting-Group-Surplus-Food-Volume-Comparison-Final-Slide.pdf

13

Carbon Trust (2023), FareShare Footprint Methodology Report. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FareShare-Methodology-Report-2023-1.pdf

14

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2024) Statutory guidance – Food and drink waste hierarchy: deal with surplus and waste. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/food-and- drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and-waste/ food-and-drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and- waste#guidance-on-applying-the-waste-hierarchy.

15

Champions 12.3 (2020) Call to Global Action on Food Loss and Waste. Available at: https://champions123.org/ publication/call-global-action-food-loss-and-waste.

16

WRAP (2021) The Courtauld Commitment 2030. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/taking-action/food-drink/ initiatives/courtauld-commitment.

17

WRAP (2023) Courtauld Commitment 2030 Milestone Report. Available at: https://www.wrap.ngo/resources/ report/courtauld-commitment-milestone-report-2023.

18

The Standard (2023) ‘The great food waste scandal: 2.9m tons of produce being dumped in landfill’. Available at: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/food-waste- scandal-food-7bn-meals-dumped-landfill-b1105486.html.

19

Boston Consulting Group (2023). Comparison of percentage of surplus food volumes redistributed between the USA, France and Spain. Available at: http://fareshare. org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boston-Consulting- Group-Surplus-Food-Volume-Comparison-Final-Slide.pdf

20

WRAP (2019) Food waste in primary production in the UK. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/food-waste-primary-production-uk.

21

WRAP (2021) Surplus food redistribution in the UK 2015 to 2020. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/surplus-food-redistribution-uk-2015-2020.

22

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2024) Food and drink waste hierarchy: deal with surplus and waste. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/food-and-drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and-waste/food-and-drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and-waste

23

Farmers Weekly (2024). Fareshare Partner With Farmers To Get Surplus Food To Charity. (Forthcoming)

24

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2024) Future of farming in England. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/future-of-farming-in-england.

25

The Andersons Centre (2023) Farming Incentive (SFI) Standard for Surplus Food.

26

Cohen, D. (2023) The great food waste scandal: 2.9 m tons of produce being dumped in landfill. The Evening Standard. Available at: https://www.standard.co.uk/ news/uk/food-waste-scandal-food-7bn-meals-dumped- landfill-b1105486.html

27

HM Revenue & Customs (2016) Enhanced capital allowances schemes for energy saving and environmentally beneficial technologies. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/enhanced-capital-allowances- schemes-for-energy-saving-and-environmentally-beneficial- technologies.

28

Farmers Weekly (2024). Fareshare Partner With Farmers To Get Surplus Food To Charity. (Forthcoming), ,; Cohen, D. (2023) The great food waste scandal: 2.9 m tons of produce being dumped in landfill. The Evening Standard. Available at: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/food- waste-scandal-food-7bn-meals-dumped-landfill-b1105486. html

29

The Global Food Donation Policy Atlas (2021) United Kingdom Legal Guide: Food Donation Law and Policy. Available at: https://www.foodbanking.org/wp-content/ uploads/2023/01/UK-Recs-v2.pdf.

30

The Global Food Donation Policy Atlas (2021) United Kingdom Legal Guide: Food Donation Law and Policy. Available at: https://www.foodbanking.org/wp-content/ uploads/2023/01/UK-Recs-v2.pdf.

32

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2018) Our Waste, Our Resources: A strategy for England. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ media/5c18f11740f0b60bbee0d827/resources-waste- strategy-dec-2018.pdf.

33

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2023) Summary of responses and government response: Improved food waste reporting by large food businesses in England. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service. gov.uk/media/64c2413ea4ba200010f1ef0b/Summary_ of_responses_and_government_response_food_waste_ reporting_July_2023.pdf.

34

WRAP (2021) The Food Waste Reduction Roadmap Progress Report 2021. Available
at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/ food-waste-reduction-roadmap-progress-report-2021.

35

WRAP (2022) The Food Waste Reduction Roadmap: Progress Report 2022. Available
at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/ food-waste-reduction-roadmap-progress-report-2022.

36

World Resources Institute (2024). Champions 12.3 Inspiring ambition and mobilizing action to reduce food loss and waste globally. Available at: https://www.wri.org/ initiatives/champions-123

37

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2022) Impact Assessment: Food waste measurement and reporting for food businesses in England. Available at: https://consult.defra.gov.uk/environmental-quality/ improved-reporting-of-food-waste/.

38

Champions 12.3 (2017) The Business Case for Reducing Food Loss and Waste. Available at: https://champions123. org/publication/business-case-reducing-food-loss-and-waste.

39

Food Waste Reduction Alliance (2016), Analysis of US Food Waste Among Food Manufacturers, Retailers, and Restaurants. Available at: https://www.fmi.org/forms/store/ ProductFormPublic/analysis-of-u-s-food-waste-among-food- manufacturers-retailers-and-restaurants

40

Bradshaw, Carrie (2024) Good Samaritan Laws and Surplus Food Redistribution – a Solution in Need of a Problem? Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=4863037

41

Nicholas, C., Patakos, T. and Rughoo, A. (2023)
Waste Britain: An evaluation of the economic & social impact of FareShare’s contribution to fighting hunger and tackling food waste. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2023/05/UH-FareShare-Waste-Britain- Short-Report-2-page-view.pdf.

42

Boston Consulting Group (2023). Comparison of percentage of surplus food volumes redistributed between the USA, France and Spain. Available at: http://fareshare. org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Boston-Consulting- Group-Surplus-Food-Volume-Comparison-Final-Slide.pdf

45

FareShare (2021) Defra Food Waste Fund: Review of FareShare’s 2019 Grant for increasing surplus food redistribution through overcoming financial barriers. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2021/01/DEFRA-Food-Waste-Fund-Report.pdf.

46

Hunt, L., Pettinger, C., & Wagstaff, C. (2023) A critical exploration of the diets of UK disadvantaged communities to inform food systems transformation: a scoping review of qualitative literature using a social practice theory lens. BMC public health, 23(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-023-16804-3

47

FareShare (2023) Health Outcomes Summary. Available at: http://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ Health-Outcomes-Summary.pdf.

49

Estimate based on: Nicholas, C., Patakos, T. and Rughoo, A. (2023) Waste Britain: An evaluation of the economic & social impact of FareShare’s contribution to fighting hunger and tackling food waste. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/UH- FareShare-Waste-Britain-Short-Report-2-page-view.pdf.

50

NFU (2022), Press release: Millions of pounds of fruit and veg wasted due to workforce shortages. Available at: https://www.nfuonline.com/media-centre/releases/millions-of-pounds-of-fruit-and-veg-wasted-due-to-workforce-shortages/

51

Smulian, M. (2021) Driver shortage threatens food waste mountain. Materials Recycling World. Available at: https://www.mrw.co.uk/news/driver-shortage-threatens-food-waste-mountain-29-06-2021/

52

Food Standards Agency (2023) Impact of labour shortage: risks on UK food availability and safety. Available at: https://www.food.gov.uk/research/impact-of-labour-shortage-risks-on-uk-food-availability-and-safety

53

IPPR (2022) Press release: Over £3 billion in unspent apprenticeship levy lost to Treasury ‘black hole’, new data reveal. Available at: https://www.ippr.org/media-office/over-3-billion-in-unspent-apprenticeship-levy-lost-to-treasury-black-hole-new-data-reveal

54

British Retail Consortium (2023) Press release: 12,000 Lost Apprenticeships. Available at: https://brc.org.uk/news/corporate-affairs/12-000-lost-apprenticeships/

55

UNISON (2019) Press release: Apprenticeship restrictions mean hundreds of millions of pounds of NHS funds going to waste, says UNISON. Available at: https://www.unison.org.uk/news/press-release/2019/10/apprenticeship-restrictions-mean-hundreds-millions-pounds-nhs-funds-going-waste-says-unison/

56

Logistics UK (2023) Logistics Skills Review 2023. Available at: https://logistics.org.uk/research-hub/reports/logistics-skills-review

57

Seo, Y. (2022) The UK’s apprenticeship system must serve our diverse labour market. HR Magazine. Available at: https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/content/comment/the-uks-apprenticeship-system-must-serve-our-diverse-labour-market

58

Figure taken from a survey of projects across the FareShare Network in 2022/2023.

59

Figure taken from FareShare New Horizon’s project data for 2023. 

60

British Retail Consortium (2023) Press release: 12,000 Lost Apprenticeships. Available at: https://brc.org.uk/news/corporate-affairs/12-000-lost-apprenticeships/

61

Estimate based on average weekly working hours for warehouse staff, minus 20% for off the job training.

62

Institute for Public Policy Research (2022) Over £3 billion in unspent apprenticeship levy lost to Treasury ‘black hole’ new data reveal. Available at: https://www.ippr.org/media-office/over-3-billion-in-unspent-apprenticeship-levy-lost-to-treasury-black-hole-new-data-reveal

63

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2024) Guarantee our Essentials: reforming Universal Credit to ensure we can all afford the essentials in hard times. Available at: https://www.jrf.org.uk/social-security/guarantee-our-essentials-reforming-universal-credit-to-ensure-we-can-all-afford-the ; 

The Trussell Trust (2024) Guarantee Our Essentials. Available at: https://www.trusselltrust.org/get-involved/campaigns/guarantee-our-essentials/ 

64

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2024) Guarantee our Essentials: reforming Universal Credit to ensure we can all afford the essentials in hard times. Available at: https://www.jrf.org.uk/social-security/guarantee-our-essentials-reforming-universal-credit-to-ensure-we-can-all-afford-the

65

Dimbleby, H. (2021) National Food Strategy: Independent Review. Available at: https://www.nationalfoodstrategy.org/

66

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Gove, M. (2018) A Green Future: Our 25 Year Plan to Improve the Environment. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/25-year-environment-plan

67

FareShare (2020) FareShare doubles the amount of food delivered to those in need during coronavirus crisis. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/news-media/press-releases/fareshare-doubles-the-amount-of-food-delivered-to-those-in-need-during-coronavirus-crisis

68

68. UK Parliament (2022) Committees: Food Security. Available at: https://committees.parliament.uk/work/6861/food-security/ ; UK Parliament (2012) Committees: Environmental change and food security. Available at: https://committees.parliament.uk/work/7063/environmental-change-and-food-security/ ; UK Parliament (2022) Committees: Sustainable food Available at: https://committees.parliament.uk/work/2702/sustainable-food/

69

CBI (2021). Tackling Supply Chain Challenges To Drive Economic Recovery. Available at: https://www.cbi.org.uk/our-campaigns/tackling-supply-chain-challenges-to-drive-economic-recovery/

70

UN FAO (2011) Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/mb060e/mb060e00.htm

71

WWF (2021) Driven to Waste: The Global Impact of Food Loss and Waste on Farms. Available at: https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/food_practice/food_loss_and_waste/driven_to_waste_global_food_loss_on_farms/

72

Dimbleby, H. (2021) National Food Strategy: Independent Review. Available at: https://www.nationalfoodstrategy.org/

73

Edible food waste figures for primary production (farms) are from WWF (2022) Hidden Waste: The Scale and Impact of Food Waste in Primary Production. Edible food waste figures for hospitality and food services (HaFs), manufacturing, and retail are from WRAP (2023), UK Food Waste & Food Surplus – Key Facts, Meal equivalents are estimated using 420g as standard meal size, which is the method recommended by WRAP based on FSA data.

74

WRAP (2022) Surplus food redistribution in the UK 2015 to 2021. Available at: https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/surplus-food-redistribution-uk-2015-2021

75

British Red Cross (2023) Food insecurity: how food shortages can cause a humanitarian crisis. Available at: https://www.redcross.org.uk/stories/disasters-and-emergencies/world/what-is-food-insecurity

76

Data from FareShare 2023-24 Impact Survey.

77

Yau, A et al. (2019) ‘Socio-demographic characteristics, diet and health among food insecure UK adults’, Public Health Nutrition. Available at: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/95acdcfa-4bc7-4bbe-8699-9176d4a2aadf 

78

Purdam, K et al. (2015) ‘Hungry? Food Insecurity, Social Stigma and Embarrassment in the UK’, Sociology. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038038515594092 

79

The Food Foundation (2024) Food Insecurity Tracking: Round 14. Available at: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/initiatives/food-insecurity-tracking#tabs/Round-14.

80

The Food Foundation (2023) The Broken Plate 2023: The State of the Nation’s Food System. Available at: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/publication/broken-plate-2023

81

UWS Oxfam Partnership (2021) Food insecurity in times of Covid-19 – an insight into a deepening crisis. Available at: https://www.humanrights.unsw.edu.au/news/food-insecurity-times-covid-19-insight-deepening-crisis

82

Trussell Trust (2021) State of Hunger. Available at: https://www.trusselltrust.org/state-of-hunger/

83

Department for Work and Pensions (2023) Family Resources Survey: financial year 2021 to 2022. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-resources-survey-financial-year-2021-to-2022

84

Ritchie, H. (2020) Our World in Data. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/food-waste-emissions.

85

Nicholas, C., T. Patakos, and A. Rughoo (2023) Waste Britain: An evaluation of the economic & social impact of FareShare’s contribution to fighting hunger and tackling food waste. Available at: https://fareshare.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/UH-FareShare-Waste-Britain-Short-Report-2-page-view.pdf

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